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Mongols and Kazakhs: Two Alternative Types of Inner Asian Nomadic Social Structure

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Abstract:
Traditionally scholars of Inner Asian nomads have emphasized the flexibility of their socio-political groups, the weakness of their states, and the importance of clans and lineages; in short a "tribal" model. Recently, the British anthropologist David Sneath has proposed a very different model, emphasizing stable aristocratic houses, strong state organization of society, and the absence of clans or tribes among the common nomads; in short, something like Vladimirtsov's "feudal" model of nomadic social structure. In this lecture, Prof. Christopher P. Atwood will compare the social structure of the two largest groups of Inner Asian nomads in the eighteenth-nineteenth centuries: the Mongols and the Kazakhs. The differences between the two will demonstrate that one may not speak of one typical nomadic or Inner Asian social structure. The appanage communities of the Mongols and the lineage followings of the Kazakhs combine similar socio-cultural institutions to produce strikingly different social dynamics.

Professor Christopher P. Atwood is the chair of the Central Eurasian Studies Department at Indiana University, and teaches Mongolian studies. His long-term research focus has been the intersection of ideas and social order, which he has approached through the study of Mongolian nationalism, history writing, and religious and intellectual concepts of community and hierarchy. His previous works include Young Mongols and Vigilantes in Inner Mongolia's Interregnum Decades, 1911-1931, and the Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire.



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